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Add CA bundle and client certificate options - #627

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ggiesen wants to merge 28 commits into
saltstack:developfrom
ggiesen:tls-client-certs
Open

ggiesen wants to merge 28 commits into
saltstack:developfrom
ggiesen:tls-client-certs

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@ggiesen

@ggiesen ggiesen commented Nov 5, 2026 •

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What does this PR do?

Depends on #626; only the last 4 commits are new here.

Adds --ca-bundle, --client-cert and --client-cert-key, also settable as SALTAPI_CA_BUNDLE, SALTAPI_CLIENT_CERT and SALTAPI_CLIENT_CERT_KEY in .pepperrc or the environment, and the matching Pepper() arguments, for both the urllib and requests code paths.

The SSL context is built once per client, on its first HTTPS connection, so a plain http URL never loads the TLS files, a redirect from http to https still uses them, and an encrypted client key is unlocked once; and a CA bundle or client certificate that cannot be loaded is reported with its path. Kerberos logins and the requests-based library methods use requests' own CA bundle (certifi) unless a CA bundle is set; the README says so.

This is based on #233 (Skyler Hawthorne is co-author). Differences: it builds on the SSL context from the previous PR, presents the client certificate even with --ignore-ssl-errors, and leaves get_login_details() alone. #233's _get_requests_verify() also raised UnboundLocalError when verification was on and no CA bundle was set.

Redirects from https to http are refused, and X-Auth-Token and Authorization are dropped when a redirect goes to another host or port, as requests does for Authorization. This covers the urllib requests the command uses; req_get(), req_stream()/events() and Kerberos logins go through requests. A TLS error, such as a TLS 1.3 server rejecting a missing client certificate, is reported as a PepperException, and Pepper() raises when client_cert_key is given without client_cert.

The first commit moves reading the config file and environment into one get_config() method, since this would otherwise have been a third copy.

What issues does this PR fix or reference?

Supersedes #233

Previous Behavior

Only the system CA store could be used, and client certificates were not supported.

New Behavior

A private CA and client certificates can be configured per profile.

Fork CI: https://github.com/ggiesen/pepper/actions/runs/42174290891

Merge requirements satisfied?

  • Docs
  • Changelog
  • Tests written/updated: Unit tests against a local HTTPS server that requires a client certificate

Commits signed with GPG?

No

Pepper gives SALTAPI_* environment variables precedence over the config
file, and the test suite never cleared them, despite the pepper_cli
fixture claiming to run "inside an empty env". A developer with
SALTAPI_URL, SALTAPI_USER or SALTAPI_EAUTH exported would have every CLI
test log in to that salt-api with the test credentials instead of the
salt-api started by the suite, and unit tests such as
test_interactive_logins fail.

Add an autouse fixture that removes SALTAPI_*, PEPPER* and MASTER_CONFIG
from the environment for every test.
The imp module was removed in Python 3.12, so collecting
tests/unit/test_init.py fails there. Load the fresh copy of
pepper/__init__.py with importlib.util instead.

The version is read from the installed package metadata rather than
setup.py, so stop renaming setup.py during the test (which left the
checkout broken if the test was interrupted), compare against
importlib.metadata instead of setuptools_scm, and cover the
not-installed fallback explicitly.
- importlib-metadata<5.0.0 cannot be co-installed with current Salt
  releases and pepper uses the standard library importlib.metadata.
- The cryptography and pyzmq pins conflict with what Salt itself
  requires (cryptography>=48 for 3006.30 on Python 3.10+); let Salt
  choose them.
- mock and setuptools_scm are no longer used by the test suite.
- Bump pytest-salt-factories to 1.0.5.
[os.environ.get("X")] or [...] is always a one element list, so without
API_BACKEND and PYTHON_VERSIONS set the tests session ran with
python=None and --salt-api-backend=rest_None. Split the environment
values and fall back to the full lists when they are unset, moving the
default Python versions to 3.10-3.13.

Also make pip quiet outside CI as the comment intends (CI_RUN is a
string or None, never False) and replace the coverage 5.5 pin, which
predates Python 3.12 support.
Test Python 3.10 through 3.13 against the current Salt releases
(3006.30, 3007.17, 3008.5) and master, dropping Python 3.8 and 3.9,
which are end of life.

Pin actions/checkout and actions/setup-python to the same commit SHAs
the Salt repository uses and restrict the workflow token to read-only
contents access.
CI runs on GitHub Actions. The Travis and Azure Pipelines definitions
target Python 2.7 to 3.8 and Salt 2018.3/2019.2, the Makefile drives the
removed tox setup, and nothing uploads coverage to Codecov any more.
azure-pipelines.yml also contained a Codecov upload token.

Replace the Travis and Codecov badges in the README with the GitHub
Actions status badge.
The test minion never completes authentication with the master for
Salt 3006 on Python 3.12 and 3.13, or Salt 3007 on Python 3.13, so
every test that needs a minion errors during setup.

Salt 3007 on Python 3.12 usually passes, but in 7 of 50 recent CI jobs
the minion failed to start, stopped answering, or took about a minute
per call. Five of those jobs failed and the slowest ran for 81 minutes,
against 2 to 7 minutes normally, so exclude it as well.

Salt 3006 and 3007 declare support up to Python 3.10; both pass on
3.11, so keep those.
On Salt 3008 the netapi ssh client authorizes the request itself and
looks the token up in salt.cache, which does not find the token minted
through /login or /token, so salt-api answers 401 for both the session
and /run paths. Every other client still passes on 3008. Mark the test
xfail (non-strict) until the cause is understood instead of letting it
hold the rest of the matrix red.
A job normally finishes in 2 to 7 minutes. When the test minion hangs,
the job otherwise runs until GitHub's 6 hour limit and holds a runner
the whole time.
ggiesen and others added 18 commits November 6, 2026 04:44
test_token wrote a real ~/.peppercache, and a developer's ~/.pepperrc
could leak into the tests. Point HOME (and USERPROFILE) at an empty
directory for every test.
Use the same hook versions and arguments as Salt's master branch:
pyupgrade --py310-plus, isort and black at Salt's settings instead of
reorder-python-imports and black -l 100, bandit, yamllint and pylint
with saltpylint using a copy of Salt's .pylintrc.

The saltpylint blacklist plugin is not loaded. It requires Salt's own
helpers (salt.utils.files.fopen, tests.support.mock), and pepper does
not depend on salt.

pylint replaces flake8, so the flake8 workflow and nox session are
removed and the pre-commit job in the test workflow is the only lint
step.
No functional changes. This is the output of the pre-commit formatting
hooks added in the previous commit.
Drop the urllib2, ConfigParser, raw_input and logging.NullHandler
fallbacks. The JSONDecodeError fallback looked up json.decode, which
does not exist, so it always fell back to ValueError; import
json.JSONDecodeError instead.
- Remove unreachable return statements after raise in req_get and
  req_stream.
- Format the 'Cannot open file' message instead of passing the file
  name as a second exception argument, which printed a tuple.
- Set the umask before the try block in login() so the finally clause
  cannot reference an unset variable.
- Open text files as UTF-8 instead of the locale encoding.
- Mark the intentional catch-all handlers and the optparse import.

The broad handlers around the token cache and the global SSL context
are left in place; later changes replace that code.
Use the same towncrier configuration and template as Salt, with
fragments named changelog/<issue>.<type>.md. Document the pre-commit
hooks, changelog fragments and the develop branch in the README; the
master branch it mentioned no longer exists.
Replace setup.py, setup_requires and MANIFEST.in with PEP 621 metadata
built by setuptools and setuptools-scm. Declare requires-python >= 3.10,
drop the Python 2 and Cython classifiers, and add requests as an extra
for req_get(), req_stream() and kerberos logins.

Install pepper as a console_scripts entry point instead of shipping
scripts/pepper and scripts/pepper.cmd, so pip creates pepper.exe on
Windows, and add python -m pepper.

black reads the Python 3.10 floor from requires-python and now uses
parenthesized context managers in two tests.
Replace the Python 2.5+ claim and the archived salt-api link, describe
the extras and the pepper command, and note that cmd.exe passes single
quotes through literally.
Build the sdist and wheel when a GitHub release is published, check
that the version setuptools-scm derived matches the release tag, and
upload with PyPI trusted publishing from the release environment, so no
API token is stored in the repository. Document the release steps in
the README.

Based on the workflow proposed in saltstack#606.

Co-authored-by: Paul Topley <paul.topley@imperva.com>
libpepper replaced ssl._create_default_https_context with the
unverified stdlib context at import time. That turned off certificate
checks for every HTTPS request in the process, including those made by
other libraries, and made --ignore-ssl-errors a no-op.

Build the SSL context per request instead, and only skip verification
when ignore_ssl_errors is set. Use the opener directly rather than
installing it globally, which also keeps --debug-http working together
with --ignore-ssl-errors, and report a failed verification with a hint
about --ignore-ssl-errors.
get_login_details() and parse_url() each parsed the config file and
applied environment overrides. Move that into get_config() so new
settings do not need a third copy.
Add --ca-bundle, --client-cert and --client-cert-key, also settable as
SALTAPI_CA_BUNDLE, SALTAPI_CLIENT_CERT and SALTAPI_CLIENT_CERT_KEY in
.pepperrc or the environment, and the matching Pepper() arguments. They
apply to both the urllib and the requests code paths. The client
certificate is presented even when --ignore-ssl-errors is set.

The SSL context is now built once per client and only for https URLs,
so an encrypted client key is unlocked once, and a CA bundle or client
certificate that cannot be loaded is reported with its path. The
verification error mentions --ca-bundle.

Based on saltstack#233.

Co-authored-by: Skyler Hawthorne <skyler@dead10ck.dev>
The SSL context was only passed when the salt-api URL was https, so a
redirect from http to https verified against the system CAs and sent no
client certificate. Build the context on the first HTTPS connection
instead; a plain http URL still never loads the TLS files.

Refuse a redirect from https to http, and drop X-Auth-Token and
Authorization when a redirect goes to another host or port, as requests
does for Authorization.

With TLS 1.3 a server that wants a client certificate rejects it after
the handshake, so the alert surfaced as an uncaught ssl.SSLError when
the response was read. Report TLS errors as a PepperException that
says a client certificate is needed.

Pepper() now raises when client_cert_key is given without client_cert,
as the command line already did. The changelog points at --ca-bundle
for private CAs before --ignore-ssl-errors.
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